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New Fortress Fortezza Nuova The New fortress of Corfu, also known as Fortezza Nuova in Venetian, dominates on the Hill of San Marco.
The New Fortress was built by the Venetians in 16th century and it aimed at protecting the city and its inhabitants, since the Old Fortress was not even enough. It was built between 1576 and 1645 designed by the Italian architect Francesco Vitelli to fortify Corfu’s defense. It has two levels, one higher and one lower, to protect both the port and the city.
Guarding the city
History documents that the Fortress has withstood many incursions. There are many underground tunnels, which link it to the Old Fortress. Of course, these tunnels are no longer accessible to the public. It featured a particularly strategic importance during World War II, although many bombings barraged it. The spacious area is enriched with the Venetian fortifications and remains a fade sense of a battlefield. Once you reach the top, you can enjoy an amazing view towards the city.
Historical documents
It is remarkable that it still evokes a battlefield. Footprints of the Venetians and the British are unalterable in time and culturally enrich the Fortress. Both the gateway with the emblem of the lion of San Marco in Venice, and two English barracks are indications of the influence on the island. Today, the New Fortress hosts several exhibitions, as well as music events.
Old Fortress Fortezza Vecchia It is about a Venetian Fortress in Corfu, which rises elaborately on the east, rocky peninsula of the island. Known as “Fortezza Vecchia”, it constituted from the very beginning of AD 6th century the dwelling of the survivors from the destruction of the Ancient City. The only way of reaching it is through the moat “Contra Fossa”, whereas walking till the top lasts 20 minutes. There, guests can enjoy a stunning view towards the whole island.
History beyond times
The Fortress was kept under construction for 15 centuries, but only three historical phases constituted the milestone of its construction. The first one stood out because of the Byzantine domination, during which the eastern hill was fortified. The second one took place in the early Venetian period, during which the Fortress was transformed into an island, while the latter followed the late Venetian period and thus brought about the current form of the Fortress.
The Old Fortress today
Today, the Old Fortress stands out thanks to its prominent position, while giving the impression that it protects the island. The Fortress entertains the Ministerial Departments, as well as the Department of Musical Studies of the Ionian University. In the same building with the historical record of Corfu, the Municipal Library is to be found. Point of interest is the Church of St. George, where great music events take place, especially ones performed by the well-rumored philharmonic bands. On the back side of the Fortress and just a few steps down, a small harbor with tourist boats gives the opportunity for swimming while overlooking the grandiose building.
"Spianada" The largest square in the Balkans Spianada square is thought to be the largest square throughout the Balkans, since it covers an area of 84,000 square meters.
By being one of the most beautiful sights all over the island, it combines a green area in front of the famous “Liston Street” with an assembly of Venetian, French and British historical monuments in its northern part. Divided into the Upper and the Lower square, they are both famous and ideal for a walk towards the sea and the Old Fortress. While wandering around the square, you could enjoy the bright Corfiot sun and admire the elaborate architecture of the old buildings.
The Lower Square
The Lower square disposes a green cricket pitch, where groups from all over Corfu train and compete. Although there is not an official playground area, the leafy area is appropriate for children, since they can play, run and roll in the grass, always being kept under the eye of their parents. The lavishly green grass, especially during the spring and summer season, is complemented beautifully by the rich architecture of "Liston", while its natural beauty transfuses to walkers a sense of rejuvenation.
The Upper Square
The Upper Square extends opposite to the beginning of Liston and the famous "Pentofanaro", the most distinctive meeting point for Corfiots and visitors. The square is adorned by exquisite architectural monuments, such as the sculptures of "the Union of the Ionian Islands", where each of them stands for an island. Aside from the fountain and at the end of the square the peristyle Maitland with 20 ionic columns is to be found. Both during morning and evening, Spianada square is the most mundane point, which teems with laughter and voices of children and young people.